st. lazarus

How Holocaust memory and cultivated extremism were institutionally converted into political immunity and regional fragmentation

The Parable of Dinah

Who Is the Victim in the Dinah Story? - TheTorah.com

In Genesis 34, Dinah, Jacob's daughter, goes out to see the women of the neighboring land. Shechem, son of Hamor – a local chieftan, the most powerful man in the region – sees her, takes her, and lies with her by force—a violation, a trauma, a wound. Her brothers seek to avenge her. But they do not act on grief alone. They act on calculation.

“Intermarry with us,” they tell Shechem's people. “Give us your daughters, take ours. But first—become like us. Submit to circumcision.”

Shechem agrees. The whole city agrees. They undergo the rite, entering into covenant with Israel's God. On the third day, while they recover, Simeon and Levi enter the city armed and slay every male. They plunder the houses, take the women and children captive.

Jacob rebukes them: “You have made me odious to the inhabitants of the land, and I am few in number. If they gather against me, I shall be destroyed.”

The brothers answer: “Should he treat our sister like a harlot?”

The moral reflex is sound. But the strategic architecture is cunning. The brothers manufactured the conditions for massacre—first inducing vulnerability, then exploiting it. They created the very danger they claimed to be avenging. The wound to Dinah became the pretext for eliminating Shechem entirely.

This is the Shechem Cycle: create dependency, induce vulnerability, strike, then invoke the original wound as moral insulation against criticism.

Israel's modern Shield-Conduit architecture operates by this same logic. The Shield is not the Holocaust itself—it is the institutional apparatus that converts Holocaust memory into political immunity, just as Simeon and Levi converted Dinah's trauma into carte blanche for massacre. The Conduit manufactures the “Shechems”—Islamist extremists cultivated to replace rational Arab nationalism—creating a threat that validates the Shield's “Western vanguard” narrative. The original trauma (the Holocaust, like Dinah's violation) is real and grievous. But the loop built atop it is artificial, self-reinforcing, and strategically engineered.

Israel is not merely defending against threats. It is systematically creating the conditions that make its defense appear the only moral option.

Thesis. The Revisionist Zionist lineage built an institutional apparatus—the Shield—that converts Holocaust memory into durable political immunity. That immunity sustains long-run leverage over U.S. foreign policy. The Conduit—a strategic pattern that replaces secular Arab nationalism with Islamist extremism—reframes regional conflict as civilizational rather than territorial, making the Shield’s “Western vanguard” narrative self-validating. Together, Shield and Conduit enable regional redesigns at reduced political cost.

Model

Framework:

5-player extensive-form game with evolving payoff structures across five eras.

Players:

  • Z = Zionist Movement (the strategists)
  • BE = British Empire (Pre-1945 hegemon)
  • US = United States of America (Post-1945 hegemon)
  • SA = Secular Arabs (the target for elimination)
  • IP = Islamist Proxy (the manufactured replacement)

Layers of Strategic Architecture — nested conditions that enable the game to proceed.

  • Layer 1 — Structural bankruptcy: Europe’s post-war exhaustion and dependency dynamics that shift hegemonic weight to the U.S., creating the unipolar opportunity space.
  • Layer 2 — Capture: durable influence over U.S. policy channels (Congress, executive, media, lobbying) that makes certain outcomes hard to reverse.
  • Layer 3 — The Shield: the institutional system that treats criticism of Israeli state action as morally illegitimate by routing it through Holocaust memory. The Conduit: the vector that replaces rational, negotiable secular Arab nationalism with Islamist extremism—reframing conflict from land and rights to civilization vs. barbarism, thereby validating the Shield.

L1 creates opportunity; L2 and L3 co-construct as mutually-reinforcing subsystems (Shield insulates Capture-in-progress; Capture enables harder Shield deployment). Downstream constraints emerge from this mutual stabilization.

Output:

Downstream policy outcomes—wars, occupations, alignments, territorial or regime changes.

Era I: The Demographic Deficit (1896-1941)

The Zionist project began with a structural deficit: establishing an ethno-state as a demographic minority. Jabotinsky's 1923 “Iron Wall” argued statehood required overwhelming asymmetric force to break indigenous resistance. Logic demanded absolute pragmatism across factional lines.

The 1933 Haavara Agreement (transferring 60,000 Jews/assets from Nazi Germany) demonstrated Labor Zionism's instrumental approach to rescue when aligned with territorial goals. The 1940 Patria bombing (killing 267 refugees to block British deportation) showed Haganah's willingness to sacrifice Jewish lives when the calculus demanded it. Both occurred under British Mandate authority – the BE, not the US, was the relevant hegemon.

The Madagascar Plan (1940) was a Nazi initiative to deport European Jews to the French colony; Zionist leaders monitored it as a potential (if desperate) alternative to extermination, but did not originate it.

Lehi's 1941 approach to Nazi Germany – proposing a military alliance against Britain in exchange for Jewish emigration to Palestine – represents Z's radical splinter faction operating independently of the Labor/Haganah mainstream. This distinction matters: where Labor pursued pragmatic rescue and territorial consolidation, Lehi pursued maximalist anti-imperial alignment even at the cost of ideological contamination.

Incubation and the Revisionist split (1896–1932)

  • 1896–97 — Herzl founds political Zionism. A project aimed at a legal territorial home, pursued through European imperial patronage.
  • 1917 — Balfour Declaration. Britain commits to a “national home” in Palestine, creating an early geopolitical foothold.
  • 1923 — Jabotinsky’s “Iron Wall.” A foundational Revisionist text: the native Arab population will not consent, so Zionism advances behind overwhelming force. (“Iron Wall” here means coercive security dominance as strategy.)
  • 1931 — Irgun (Etzel) founded. A militant Revisionist offshoot that rejects Haganah restraint in favor of armed action, including terror tactics. (Haganah: mainstream Jewish paramilitary; Irgun: breakaway hardline wing.)

Territorial solutions and radical escalation (1933–1941)

  • 1933-39 — Haavara (Transfer) Agreement. A deal between Zionist institutions and Nazi Germany enabling ~60,000 German Jews and assets to move to Palestine. (Haavara: a “transfer” mechanism for migration + capital.)
  • 1940 — Madagascar Plan. Nazi leadership explores mass deportation. Extermination is not yet state policy in this framing.
  • Nov 1940 — Patria bombing. Haganah detonates explosives on a refugee ship to prevent British deportation to Mauritius; the miscalculated blast kills 252-267 Jewish refugees. (Used here as a precedent claim: sacrificing Jewish lives for state-building objectives.)
  • Jan 1941 — Lehi’s Nazi alliance proposal. The Stern Gang submits a formal offer to a German diplomat in Ankara: ally with Nazi Germany, fight the British, and secure a totalitarian Jewish state. Ignored. (Lehi: small extremist Zionist militia.)

Era II: The Suez Pivot (1942-1961)

The 1942 Wannsee Conference formalized the Final Solution, signing the death warrant for Layer 1 (L1) - the decentralized network of European Jewish financial and cultural infrastructure accumulated over centuries. Six million dead. L1 was annihilated as a living system. Paradoxically, this apocalyptic loss generated something no diplomatic campaign could have manufactured: near-universal moral authority – the raw material from which Layer 3 (L3) would later be forged, and the leverage needed to begin constructing Layer 2 (L2).

But first, territory had to be secured through kinetic brutality. The 1946 King David Hotel bombing - Irgun's attack on the British administrative headquarters, killing 91 – shattered the Mandate's will to govern. The 1948 Deir Yassin massacre, in which Irgun and Lehi forces killed over 100 Palestinian villagers, was not merely an atrocity but a strategic signal: its broadcast triggered mass civilian flight across Palestine. The resulting Nakba - the ethnic cleansing of 750,000 Palestinians – secured the demographic conditions for the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948. The Iron Wall's territorial objective was achieved.

Z quickly discovered that regional military supremacy had hard limits. The botched 1954 Lavon Affair (a false-flag bombing campaign in Egypt) and the 1956 Suez Crisis delivered a brutal lesson: tactical victories meant nothing if the global hegemon US could override the outcome with a single phone call. Eisenhower forced Israel, Britain, and France into humiliating withdrawal – the last time a US president would impose such costs on Israel. Suez was the pivot. Z diagnosed the structural vulnerability with precision: localized force fails against a hegemon's veto. Direct confrontation with US was unwinnable. The solution was not to fight the hegemon but to capture it.

L2 Foundation – The Capture Infrastructure: Post-Suez, Z began systematically constructing the machinery of US policy capture. AIPAC was founded in 1953 and began perfecting the “scorecard” system – tracking Congressional votes and making support for Israel a binary litmus test for campaign viability. The infrastructure operated through multiple channels:

  1. Congressional Capture via committee assignments (Foreign Relations, Armed Services) where pro-Israel commitments became prerequisites for leadership;

  2. Campaign Finance - bundling operations that made defiance electorally prohibitive;

  3. Media Infrastructure - cultivating editorial boards and broadcast networks where criticism became career-ending;

  4. Executive Penetration - placement of loyalists in key agencies (State, Defense, NSC).

This was L2 under construction: not yet total capture, but the ratchet mechanisms being installed.

The keystone was the 1961 Eichmann trial: Ben-Gurion captured Adolf Eichmann and televised his trial to a global audience, an act of theatrical statecraft that positioned Israel as the sole inheritor and voice of Holocaust memory. Trauma was centralized in the state apparatus. The trial, combined with Yad Vashem's expansion, the ADL's redefinition of antisemitism, and AIPAC's nascent campaign machinery, collectively constituted the Shield - the first operational component of what would become L3. The Shield rewired US's domestic political cost function: criticizing or constraining Israel was transformed from a standard foreign policy dispute into an act of moral deviance. L3 was now half-built; L2 capture was underway but incomplete.

Catastrophe and birth (1942–1948)

  • Jan 1942 — Wannsee Conference. Territorial expulsion is stymied by war; Nazi policy shifts to the “Final Solution.” In this model, the old European Jewish financial elite—the Layer-1 actors—is destroyed or looted.
  • Jul 1946 — King David Hotel bombing. Irgun (Begin) bombs British headquarters in Jerusalem, killing 91. (Framed as asymmetric terror intended to force imperial withdrawal.)
  • Apr 1948 — Deir Yassin massacre. Irgun and Lehi kill 100+ Arab civilians. Psychological terror triggers mass Palestinian flight during the Nakba. (Nakba: the 1948 catastrophe/expulsion and displacement.)
  • May 1948 — State of Israel established.

Statehood, false flags, and the Suez pivot (1950–1961)

  • 1950–51 — Baghdad bombings. Bombings target Iraqi Jewish establishments. This model cites evidence (e.g., Avi Shlaim and others) pointing to Zionist underground involvement: panic drives Iraqi Jews into emigrating for demographic bulk.
  • 1953 — Yad Vashem established. First formal institutionalization of Holocaust memory by the state. Seed of the Shield apparatus. (Yad Vashem: Israel’s national Holocaust memorial authority.)
  • 1954 — Lavon Affair (Operation Susannah). Proven Israeli false-flag operation: Egyptian Jews recruited to bomb U.S./British civilian sites in Egypt and blame the Muslim Brotherhood, aiming to keep Western troops in the Suez zone. (False flag: an operation designed to misattribute responsibility.) Conduit note: in this model, it functions as a proto-Conduit move—manufacturing an Islamist threat to secure Western alignment.
  • 1954 — AIPAC founded. Isaiah Kenen bypasses diplomacy to lobby Congress directly. Seed of the “vetocracy.” (Vetocracy: capacity to punish dissent and block policy change.)
  • 1956 — Suez Crisis (Protocol of Sèvres). A secret UK/France/Israel pact to seize the canal and topple Nasser. Eisenhower forces withdrawal via financial threats—framed here as the last time a U.S. president treated Israel as subordinate. British/French colonial power in the region breaks.
  • 1961 — Eichmann trial. Ben-Gurion captures Adolf Eichmann and televises the trial globally. Israel positions itself as the sole inheritor and voice of Holocaust memory; trauma is centralized in the state apparatus.

Claim: the moral Shield is forged.

Lesson claimed by this model: the U.S. is the only power that matters—accelerating the capture project.

Era III: The Conduit Gambit (1967-1996)

The 1967 conquest handed Z the territorial maximalism Jabotinsky had dreamed of – but also internalized a demographic time bomb. Millions of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza, organized under the secular PLO, presented the most dangerous kind of adversary: a negotiable one. SA (secular Arab nationalism) spoke in the language of rights, sovereignty, and international law – a framework the Western-aligned US understood and might eventually support. A successful two-state negotiation was Z's existential threat, not because it meant war, but because it meant permanent territorial compromise. The Iron Wall doctrine demanded that the indigenous population's will be broken, not accommodated.

Z's solution was a masterpiece of strategic subversion: replace the negotiable enemy with a non-negotiable one. In 1978, Israel's military governor licensed Sheikh Ahmed Yassin's Mujama al-Islamiya – the Muslim Brotherhood's Gaza branch – as a counterweight to the secular PLO. While US was simultaneously running Operation Cyclone ($3B+ to Afghan mujahideen), Z was conducting its own local experiment in Islamist cultivation. By 1987, Mujama had metastasized into Hamas – the Israeli-nurtured entity now rebranded as an implacable religious foe. This was the Conduit: the second half of L3, now completing the architecture.

The Oslo Accords of 1993 – negotiated from SA's weakened position after losing its Soviet patron – delivered a framework that Z could perpetually defer while Hamas suicide bombings provided the justification. Netanyahu's subsequent facilitation of Qatari cash transfers to Hamas formalized the Conduit as a permanent pipeline: ensuring that the most radical, religiously absolutist faction always had enough oxygen to prevent peace, but never enough power to threaten survival. The 1996 “Clean Break” paper – authored by Perle, Feith, and Wurmser for Netanyahu – codified the broader regional application: abandon containment, embrace fragmentation.

L2 Deepening – The Think Tank/Policy Pipeline: During this era, Z significantly expanded L2 capture through the neoconservative policy network. The 1976 founding of JINSA, the 1980s expansion of AEI's foreign policy shop, and the placement of allies in Reagan/Bush administrations created a direct pipeline from Likudnik strategic thinking to US executive decision-making. Key operatives (Perle, Wolfowitz, Feith, Wurmser) moved seamlessly between Israeli lobbying organizations and US defense/intelligence agencies. This was L2 operating at maximum efficiency: US policy formulation happening inside Z-designed frameworks, with dissent filtered out through the Shield mechanisms installed in Era II.

With both Shield and Conduit operational, L3 was now fully built. The stage was set to achieve Layer 2 (L2) - the total capture of US and the fragmentation of the entire region.

Construction of the unified architecture (1961–1981)

  • 1967 — Six-Day War. Israel captures the West Bank, Gaza, and Golan. In this model, the defeat breaks Nasserism—secular Arab nationalism that posed a rational, negotiable threat—creating a vacuum that religious extremism will fill. (Nasserism: pan-Arab secular nationalism associated with Gamal Abdel Nasser.)
  • 1974 — ADL publishes “The New Anti-Semitism.” Formally conflates anti-Zionism with antisemitism; criticism of the state is cast as a continuation of European Jew-hatred. Claim: the Shield gets its operating manual. (ADL: Anti-Defamation League.)
  • 1977 — Revisionists take power. Menachem Begin (ex-Irgun) is elected Prime Minister. Jabotinsky’s maximalist philosophy becomes governing doctrine; Likud rarely relinquishes power afterward.
  • 1978 — Camp David Accords. Israel neutralizes Egypt as a military threat. In this model, sidelining the primary secular Arab power clears the field and deepens the vacuum for religious extremism to fill.
  • 1978 — Israel backs Mujama al‑Islami. Israel registers Sheikh Yassin’s Islamist charity (precursor to Hamas) to split the secular PLO. Avner Cohen is often cited for the claim that Hamas was, in effect, cultivated as a counterweight. Claim: the Conduit is formalized. (PLO: Palestine Liberation Organization.)
  • 1979 — Operation Cyclone begins. U.S./Saudi intelligence funnels large sums to weaponize Wahhabi networks against the USSR in Afghanistan. In this model, a parallel Western project accelerates Conduit dynamics by building a global jihadi infrastructure later recycled across the region.

Vetocracy and the Conduit in action (1982–2000)

  • 1982 — Yinon Plan published. Oded Yinon argues (in the WZO journal Kivunim) that Israel’s survival requires balkanization of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt along sectarian lines. (Balkanization: fragmentation into smaller rival entities.)
  • 1982–84 — AIPAC perfects “vetocracy.” High-profile defeats of U.S. politicians (Findley ’82, Percy ’84) teach the rule: criticize Israel → Shield activates → primary challengers funded → career ends. Claim: the Layer-2.5 mechanism becomes operational.
  • 1987 — Hamas founded from Israeli‑nurtured Mujama. Islamist resistance replaces the secular PLO as the public face of Palestinian struggle. In this model, the conflict is deliberately reframed from national liberation to religious extremism.
  • 1996 — “A Clean Break.” Neocon policy paper for Netanyahu: remove Saddam and destabilize Syria—Yinon-style aims pursued through U.S. power.
  • 1996 — Netanyahu props up Hamas against the secular PA. The Conduit is treated here as actively managed: a divided Palestinian opposition prevents statehood by elevating an unacceptable negotiating partner. (PA: Palestinian Authority.)

Era IV: Full US Capture (2001-2022)

The L3 architecture reached its optimal Nash equilibrium in the aftermath of September 11. The traumatic event catalyzed a total alignment between US's grand strategy and Z's regional objectives, achieving the ultimate output: Layer 2 (L2) - the full capture of the US hegemon. Through the lens of the Global War on Terror, Z seamlessly reframed its localized territorial suppression as the vanguard of a civilizational struggle – “we are fighting your war” became the operating slogan. The Conduit's locally cultivated Islamists were mapped onto the global threat matrix; the Shield ensured no domestic political actor in US could question the alignment.

L2 Total Capture – The Operating Mechanisms: Post-9/11, the L2 infrastructure achieved complete lock-in. Congressional voting patterns show 90%+ pro-Israel uniformity across both parties – defection is statistically nonexistent. Key mechanisms include:

  1. Committee gatekeeping - leadership on Foreign Relations and Armed Services committees reserved for the most reliable allies;

  2. State-level coordination - governors compete to be “most pro-Israel” as pathway to national office;

  3. Media self-censorship - editorial rooms internalize Shield constraints, rendering external enforcement unnecessary;

  4. Academic policing - BDS suppression through state legislatures, donor pressure on universities;

  5. Executive-branch colonization - key NSC, State, and Defense positions staffed from a vetted pipeline.

The “Clean Break” team (Perle, Feith, Wurmser) occupied Under Secretary and Assistant Secretary positions, directly authoring the Iraq invasion rationale. This is L2 achieved: US policy formulation happening inside Z-designed frameworks, with execution via US military.

The hegemon US was weaponized to execute the Clean Break agenda, expending American blood and $8 trillion to systematically dismantle the remaining secular Arab states: Iraq (2003), Libya (2011), Syria (2011-). Saddam, Gaddafi, Assad – each a secular nationalist (SA), each replaced by sectarian chaos (IP). The Yinon Plan's vision of regional fragmentation along ethnic and confessional lines was realized not by Israeli troops, but by American ones. SA was eliminated as a strategic actor – Ba'ath destroyed, PLO reduced to a security subcontractor, secular Arab nationalism a museum piece.

During this era, Shield and Conduit operated as a flawless complementary system. The IHRA definition of antisemitism – pushed globally as a legal standard – upgraded the Shield from social taboo to quasi-legal prohibition, criminalizing structural critiques of the state. The 2018 US embassy move to Jerusalem demonstrated US's total capture. The Abraham Accords (2020) represented the zenith of L2: regional normalization achieved over the heads of the Palestinian population, effectively deleting them as a variable in the geopolitical matrix. The architecture appeared permanently self-sustaining.

The Shield–Conduit loop determines U.S. policy (2001–2022)

2001 — 9/11. U.S. foreign policy enters an era of intensified militarization. In this model, the Conduit’s geopolitical effect is realized: the conflict is reframed from land and rights (diplomatically winnable) to civilization vs. Islamic barbarism, validating the Shield’s “Western vanguard” narrative.

2003 — U.S. invasion of Iraq. Neocon advocacy drives removal of Saddam; Iraq fractures along sectarian lines. Claim: Layer-2 capture is in full operation. In this model, removing the secular Ba’athist regime clears the field for Al‑Qaeda in Iraq and later ISIS—Conduit logic repeating at scale. (Ba’athism: secular Arab nationalist political ideology.)

2011–15 — Arab Spring and Syrian destruction. Libya and Syria shatter; Israel strikes Syria with limited constraint. The Yinon map is treated here as essentially realized. Weakening secular regimes (e.g., Assad’s) clears the field for ISIS and al‑Nusra, sustaining the “barbaric periphery” used to justify permanent Western military presence.

2018 — U.S. embassy moved to Jerusalem; exit from the Iran Deal. Zenith of vetocracy in this framing.

Era V: The Limit Condition (2023-)

The fatal flaw of L3 was the assumption of perpetual control over nonlinear IP. October 7 exposed the catastrophic limit condition of the Conduit: the non-negotiable religious entity Z had cultivated for decades mutated beyond its design parameters and pierced the Iron Wall itself. Hamas – the organization Israeli military governors had licensed in 1978, that Netanyahu had sustained via Qatari cash to prevent Palestinian statehood – executed the deadliest attack on Israeli civilians in the state's history. The internal shock forced Z into a massive kinetic response that the architecture was never designed to justify at this scale.

The response triggered the simultaneous fracturing of both L3 components. The ICJ genocide case (filed by South Africa, supported by 50+ nations) represents the first successful structural challenge to the Shield since its institutionalization. The memorial consensus is cracking along generational and geographic fault lines: Western youth, the Global South, and even diaspora Jewish communities are decoupling criticism of the state from antisemitism – the precise conflation the Shield was engineered to enforce. More critically, L1's residual capital – the deep global sympathy rooted in the historical destruction of European Jewry – is being actively burned for short-term political cover. The last reserves of L1 are consumed to defend a collapsing L3.

L2 Under Pressure: The Gaza campaign has created unprecedented stress fractures in L2 capture. For the first time since Suez 1956, the uniformity of US Congressional support shows cracks – dissenting statements from Squad members, growing progressive caucus pressure, staffer protests. More significantly, executive-branch friction is visible: State Department officials resigning over Gaza policy, CIA assessments leaking that contradict Israeli claims, military leaders questioning open-ended support. The media self-censorship shield is cracking too – social media allows atrocity footage to bypass editorial gatekeepers. The L2 infrastructure was built for a different era of information control. Whether these cracks widen to breaches depends on whether the Shield can regenerate faster than it erodes.

Multipolar actors (China, BRICS) provide alternative institutional frameworks beyond US's veto, eroding the L2 capture structure. US faces an impossible choice: maintain loyalty to a rapidly delegitimizing proxy (hemorrhaging soft power) or breach the Shield for the first time since 1956. Z confronts an accelerating terminal paradox: maintaining the Iron Wall now requires levels of kinetic force that guarantee the collapse of the diplomatic immunity - L3 - spent seventy years engineering. The architecture is consuming itself.

The unified architecture under stress (2023–2026)

Oct 2023 — October 7 attack and Gaza war. Layer-2 capture is framed here at peak intensity. Hamas—cast in this model as a cultivated counterweight—delivers catastrophic blowback. The Conduit bites its creator, exposing volatility at the core of the architecture.

2024 — Fracture of memorial consensus. South Africa brings an ICJ case; campus protests surge; ADL urges treating protests as antisemitic. Claim: the Shield begins to crack. (ICJ: International Court of Justice.)

2025–26 — Limit condition. Layer 1 erodes under debt and multipolar pressure. The Shield yields diminishing returns under algorithmic dissemination.

Conclusion

The Shield and the Conduit form a unified strategic architecture.

The Shield is not the Holocaust itself. It is the institutional apparatus built around Holocaust memory—heritable, self-defending, activated automatically when Israeli state action is challenged. In this model, any sufficiently large pogrom could have supplied the raw material; the Revisionist contribution is the capture mechanism.

The Conduit addresses what secular Arab nationalism posed in this model: rationality, negotiability, and potential Western sympathy. By replacing Nasserists, PLO secularists, and Ba’athists with cultivated Islamist alternatives, the conflict is reframed from land and rights to civilization vs. barbarism. That reframing makes the Shield’s “Western vanguard” narrative self-validating—Israel becomes the frontline against the extremism the Conduit produces.

Suez 1956 remains the pivot. It is framed here as the last time a U.S. president overrode Israeli interests, teaching the Revisionist project that capturing the U.S. hegemon was the sole strategic imperative. Everything after—AIPAC, the Shield, the Conduit—flows from that lesson. The question, in this model, is whether the Shield can survive the erosion of both its Layer-1 economic substrate and the blowback generated by the Conduit.